Practically every non-mechanical task performed by animals requires the interaction of neural networks; perception, recognition, memory, conscious thought, dreams, sensorimotor control—the list goes on. The desire to simulate some of these tasks has motivated the development of artificial neural network. For each task, we identify performance of a neural network in terms of success performing the task. Following are some [...]
There are two main categories of neural network structures: 1. Acyclic or feed forward networks and 2. Cyclic or recurrent networks. The manner in which the neurons of a neural network are structured is intimately linked with the learning algorithm used to train the network. We may therefore speak of learning algorithms used in the design of neural networks as [...]
In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Knowledge Representation in Neural Networks 2. Reasoning for Neural Networks 3. Learning. The goal of artificial intelligence is the development of paradigms or algorithms which require machines to perform cognitive tasks, at which humans are currently better. An AI system must be capable of doing three things: (i) Store knowledge, (ii) Apply [...]
In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Introduction to the Models of a Neuron 2. Activation Functions of Neuron 3. Stochastic Model. Introduction to the Models of a Neuron: A neuron is an information-processing unit which is fundamental to the operation of a neural network. The block diagram of Fig. 11.4., shows the model of a neuron, which forms [...]
In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Introduction to Learning Neural Networks 2. Learning Rules of Neurons in Neural Networks. Introduction to Learning Neural Networks: The property which is of primary significance for a neural network is the ability of the network to learn from its environment, and to improve its performance through learning. The improvement in performance takes [...]
In this article we will discuss about the process of learning neural network with and without a teacher. Learning Neural Network with a Teacher: We now turn our attention to learning paradigms. We begin by considering learning with a teacher, which is also referred to as supervised learning, Fig. 11.23., shows a block diagram which illustrates this form of learning, [...]
The human nervous system may be viewed as a three-stage system, as depicted in the block diagram of Fig. 11.1. Central to the system is the brain, represented by the neural (nerve) net, which continually receives information, perceives it and makes appropriate decisions. Two sets of arrows are shown in the figure. Those pointing from left to right indicate the [...]