Information Technology (IT) has been making positive and crucial impacts in the day-to-day lives of the people for the last 35 years or so in India, and for a little longer time elsewhere in Western Europe and North America. The banking, finance, insurance, stock and commodities trading, education, health-care and mass communication sectors, to name a few, have taken rapid [...]
Everything you need to know about computer ! Q. 1. What do you mean by computer? Ans. Computer refers to an electronic device that can transmit, store and process information or data in a desired form. Q. 2. Define Bioinformatics. Ans. The computer aided study of biology particularly genetics and molecular biology is called bioinformatics. Now the science of bioinformatics [...]
In this article we will discuss about the five main functions of spreadsheet. The functions are: 1. Mathematical Functions 2. Financial Functions 3. Logical Functions 4. Special Functions 5. Statistical Functions 1. Mathematical Functions: A number of mathematical functions are available which uses numeric values as arguments. To use them, move the cell pointer to the required cell and type [...]
After reading this article you will learn about: 1. Introduction to Maxwell's Theory on Transmission of Waves 2. Development of the Concepts of "Field" 3. The Contributions of Heinrich Hertz 4. Unified Theory of Electromagnetism 5. Maxwell's Equations 6. Electromagnetic Wave Propagation. Introduction to Maxwell's Theory on Transmission of Waves: We have, so far, discussed the development of devices that [...]
After reading this article you will learn about the use of mathematics for the improvement in the methods of communication. Technical Limitations of Communications: The rapid developments in Information Technology have primarily been possible because of the introduction of networking which made it possible for organisations to move away from the concept of a sterile "computer centre" (that gave the [...]
This article throws light upon the top five schemes of encoding data bytes. The schemes are: 1. Non-return to Zero (NRZ) 2. Non-return to Zero Invert on Ones (NRZI) 3. Bipolar-AMI 4. Manchester Code 5. Differential Manchester Code. Scheme # 1. Non-Return to Zero (NRZ): A common way—probably the most common way—to transmit digital signals is to use two different [...]
After reading this article you will learn about the use of statistics for the improvement in the methods of communication. Statistics: Inventors are usually practical people, their forte being their capability to convert theoretical concepts into practical forms. Faraday, although a self-taught man from a humble background, became a famous inventor, but it was left to James Clarke Maxwell to [...]
After reading this article you will learn about: 1. Rules of Data Transmission 2. Analog and Digital Data Transmission 3. Transmission Impairments 4. Modulation 5. Modems 6. Error Detection 7. Error Correction. Rules of Data Transmission: The design decisions that concern the rules for data transfer require that one specifies whether data will travel in only one direction or both [...]
At the present time, there are three methods of connectivity available in India. These are: a. Connectivity through wireless transmission: b. Connectivity through telephone landlines: Connectivity through telephones includes three recommended methods. These are: Connectivity through dial-up lines; connectivity through leased lines and connectivity using ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network). c. Connectivity through VSAT: Connectivity' through VSAT has two recommended [...]
The following example is adapted from an example given by Hughes Escort. This example may help to explain TDM/TDMA (Time Division Multiplexing/Time Division Multiple Access )technology in a very simple way. It seems many of us are working backwards in this age of technology. It is amusing, but true to a large extent. Instead of explaining the new technologies in [...]