Information Technology (IT) has been making positive and crucial impacts in the day-to-day lives of the people for the last 35 years or so in India, and for a little longer time elsewhere in Western Europe and North America. The banking, finance, insurance, stock and commodities trading, education, health-care and mass communication sectors, to name a few, have taken rapid [...]
Everything you need to know about computer ! Q. 1. What do you mean by computer? Ans. Computer refers to an electronic device that can transmit, store and process information or data in a desired form. Q. 2. Define Bioinformatics. Ans. The computer aided study of biology particularly genetics and molecular biology is called bioinformatics. Now the science of bioinformatics [...]
In this article we will discuss about the five main functions of spreadsheet. The functions are: 1. Mathematical Functions 2. Financial Functions 3. Logical Functions 4. Special Functions 5. Statistical Functions 1. Mathematical Functions: A number of mathematical functions are available which uses numeric values as arguments. To use them, move the cell pointer to the required cell and type [...]
After reading this article you will learn about the use of mathematics for the improvement in the methods of communication. Technical Limitations of Communications: The rapid developments in Information Technology have primarily been possible because of the introduction of networking which made it possible for organisations to move away from the concept of a sterile "computer centre" (that gave the [...]
This article throws light upon the top five schemes of encoding data bytes. The schemes are: 1. Non-return to Zero (NRZ) 2. Non-return to Zero Invert on Ones (NRZI) 3. Bipolar-AMI 4. Manchester Code 5. Differential Manchester Code. Scheme # 1. Non-Return to Zero (NRZ): A common way—probably the most common way—to transmit digital signals is to use two different [...]
After reading this article you will learn about the use of statistics for the improvement in the methods of communication. Statistics: Inventors are usually practical people, their forte being their capability to convert theoretical concepts into practical forms. Faraday, although a self-taught man from a humble background, became a famous inventor, but it was left to James Clarke Maxwell to [...]
After reading this article you will learn about: 1. Rules of Data Transmission 2. Analog and Digital Data Transmission 3. Transmission Impairments 4. Modulation 5. Modems 6. Error Detection 7. Error Correction. Rules of Data Transmission: The design decisions that concern the rules for data transfer require that one specifies whether data will travel in only one direction or both [...]
At the present time, there are three methods of connectivity available in India. These are: a. Connectivity through wireless transmission: b. Connectivity through telephone landlines: Connectivity through telephones includes three recommended methods. These are: Connectivity through dial-up lines; connectivity through leased lines and connectivity using ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network). c. Connectivity through VSAT: Connectivity' through VSAT has two recommended [...]
The following example is adapted from an example given by Hughes Escort. This example may help to explain TDM/TDMA (Time Division Multiplexing/Time Division Multiple Access )technology in a very simple way. It seems many of us are working backwards in this age of technology. It is amusing, but true to a large extent. Instead of explaining the new technologies in [...]
Wireless communications may require the use of different facilities at different times. These are: Radio transmission and Microwave transmission. We shall look at each of them separately. 1. Radio Transmission: Radio transmission is one of the ways that wireless transmission can take place; the other widely used method of wireless transmission usually is microwave transmission. All these methods of transmission [...]