In this article we will discuss about combinational and sequential circuits and their functions. Introduction to Combinational and Sequential Circuits: A digital system must store binary numbers in addition to performing logic. To take care of this requirement, a memory cell, called a FLIP-FLOP, is introduced. Theoretically any digital system can be constructed entirely from NAND gates and FLIP-FLOPs. These [...]
Resistors, capacitors, inductors, relays, transformers, connectors etc. are various types of components used in electric and electronic circuits. 1. Resistors: Resistors are those circuit elements which introduce electrical resistance into the circuit. There are many types of resistors, each one suitable for its particular application. They vary with regard to their resistance expressed in ohms, their power rating in watts, [...]
In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Introduction to Power Factor 2. Causes of Low Power Factor 3. Disadvantages. Introduction to Power Factor: The cosine of the angle between voltage and current in an ac circuit is known as power factor. In an ac circuit, there is generally a phase difference between voltage and current. In an inductive circuit, [...]
In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Methods of Power Factor Improvement 2. Advantages of Power Factor Improvement 3. Economics 4. Economical Comparison of the Two Methods of Increasing the Power Supplied. Methods of Power Factor Improvement: The low power factor is almost invariably due to inductive nature of load and, therefore, the logical corrective is to connect such [...]
In a general way capacitance can be characterized as that property of circuit component (known as capacitor) in which energy is capable of being stored in an electric field. A significant and distinguishing feature of capacitance is that its influence in an electric circuit is manifested only when there exist a varying potential difference across the terminals of the circuit [...]
An electric circuit (or network) is an interconnection of physical electrical devices such as an energy source (or sources), an energy convertor or convertors (load or loads), and conductors that connect them. An energy source (or source), such as a primary or secondary cell, a generator, and the like, is a device that converts chemical, mechanical, thermal or some other [...]
In this article we will discuss about the flow of current through series and parallel circuits. Series Circuits: When the resistors are connected end to end, so that they form only one path for the flow of current, then resistors are said to be connected in series and such circuits are known as series circuits. Let resistors R1, R2, and [...]
The following points highlight the two theorems used for determining the current flowing in a circuit. The theorems are: 1. Maxwell Circulating Current Theorem 2. Node Voltage Theorem. 1. Maxwell Circulating Current Theorem: If a network with several sources has more than two nodes the current in it may be determined by Maxwell circulating current theorem. This is one of [...]
Consider an ac circuit containing resistance of R ohms, inductance of L henries and capacitance of C farads connected in series, as shown in Fig. 4.23 (a). Let the current flowing through the circuit be of I amperes and supply frequency be f Hz. Voltage drop across resistance, VR = IR in phase with I Voltage drop across inductance, VL= [...]
In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Introduction to Single Phase AC Circuit 2. Purely Resistive Circuit 3. Purely Inductive Circuit 4. Purely Capacitive Circuit 5. Resistance — Capacitance (R-C) Series Circuit 6. Apparent Power, True Power, Reactive Power and Power Factor. Contents: Introduction to Single Phase AC Circuit Purely Resistive Circuit Purely Inductive Circuit Purely Capacitive Circuit Resistance [...]