Here is a case study on energy security in Nigeria. Introduction to the Energy Security in Nigeria: The scramble for oil is fast engendering a crisis that portends danger if drastic measures are not taken. With an increasing dependence on oil as the driver of industrialisation in the west, as well as in the rapidly industrialising economies of China and [...]
In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Introduction to Steam 2. Generation of Steam 3. Types 4. Specific Volumes. Introduction to Steam: Steam comes under the category of pure substance. A pure substance is one whose chemical composition does not change with the change of phase during thermodynamic processes. It is a homogeneous substance. A pure substance can exist [...]
The following points highlight the focusing and non-focusing types of solar collectors. 1. Focusing-Type Collector: Focusing collector is a device to collect solar radiation with high intensity of solar radiation on the energy-absorbing surface. A focusing collector is a special form of flat plate collector by introducing a reflecting surface (collector) between the solar radiation and the absorber. Thus, a [...]
Huge finances are required in setting up of central power plants and for providing infrastructure for the transmission and distribution of generated electric power. Because of financial constraints, the central and state governments, the various state electricity boards, and the various public sector organizations (like NTPC, NHPC, Nuclear Power Corporations) do not find them in a position to undertake the [...]
The main sources of energy are the sun, wind, terrestrial heat, ocean tides and waves, water, fuels and radioactive substances. The last three sources i.e. water, fuels and radioactive substances are most dependable and are commonly used for generation of electrical energy. Source # 1. The Sun: The sun is the primary source of energy. The energy radiated by the [...]
There are various methods of converting biomass into electricity and some of these as follows: 1. Direct Combustion 2. Co-Firing 3. Biomass Gasification 4. Anaerobic Digestion 5. Pyrolysis. Method # 1. Direct Combustion: The oldest and most common method for conversion of biomass to electricity is to burn it to produce steam and thus generate electricity. The problems with direct [...]
The following points highlight the two types of collectors of solar energy. The types are: 1. Flat Plate Collectors 2. Focusing or Concentrating Collectors. Since solar energy is widely spread, there is a need to make it available in concentrated form for which solar collectors are required. A solar collector absorbs the incident solar radiation and converts it into useful [...]
The following points highlight the four devices used for conversion of wave energy. The devices are: 1. Hydraulic Accumulator Wave Machine 2. High Level Reservoir Wave Machine 3. The Dolphin Type Wave Power Machine 4. Dam-Atoll Wave Machine. 1. Hydraulic Accumulator Wave Machine: The machine consists of the following main components: i. Pressure Amplifier: The waves enter the cylinder of [...]
In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Introduction to Solar Power in India 2. Present Status of Solar Power in India 3. Research and Development Programmes 4. Challenges and Constraints. Introduction to Solar Power in India: As on 2010, India power sector has a total installed capacity of around 167,000 MW of which 54% is coal-based, 25% hydro, 8% [...]
In this article we will discuss about cogeneration and conservation of energy. Cogeneration of Energy: Cogeneration (also combined heat and power, CHP) is the use of a heat engine or a power plant to simultaneously generate both electricity and useful heat (or steam). All thermal power plants emit a certain amount of heat during electricity generation. This heat can be [...]