In this article we will discuss about the treatment and disposal of effluents of tanning industry. There are large numbers of tanning industries in India. Most of these industries are located in U.P., West Bengal and Tamil Nadu. Due to large export market of leather goods, the number of tanneries increased to cope with the increasing demand. Due to unplanned [...]
In this article we will discuss about the treatment and disposal of effluents of petroleum refining industry. Sources and Characteristics of Effluents: Sources: The major water pollutant in refinery operations is oil, besides chemicals that may be formed during treatment of petroleum products by chemical processes for removal of undesirable constituents. The effluents may be classified under the following five [...]
In this article we will discuss about the treatment and disposal of effluents of dairy industry. Products and Processes Involved in Dairies: The number of products that are made in each dairy depends upon the demand and supply of milk in the region. Many dairies in India restrict themselves to bottling pasteurized and homogenized milk and making ghee from soured [...]
In this article we will discuss about the treatment and disposal of steel plant effluents. Vast amount of water is required during production of iron and steel. In a integrated steel plant comprising coke ovens, blast furnaces, SMS furnaces, rolling and finishing operations. The requirement of water may vary from 5 to 200 tonne/tonnes of steel. In the steel plants [...]
In this article we will discuss about the treatment and disposal of effluents of pulp, paper and board industries. Processes Involved in Pulp and Paper Industry: 1. Raw Materials: The raw material are cellulosic and non-cellulosic. Cellulosic Raw Materials: Bamboo continues to be the principal cellulosic raw material. However, wood (hard or soft) is now being increasingly used. Straw, mainly [...]
In this article we will discuss about the treatment and disposal of effluents of cotton and synthetic industry. There are about 700 Textile mills in India, with gross annual production of 8000 million metres cloth. A large variety of cotton textiles, textiles made from synthetic fibres and cotton blended with synthetic fibres are produced by the mills. The manufacturing processes [...]
In this article we will discuss about the treatment and disposal of effluents of fertilizer industry. 1. Nitrogenous Fertilizer Industry: a. Ammonia Production: In the production of nitrogenous fertilizer, ammonia is the basic intermediate product. Ammonia is produced by reaction of hydrogen with nitrogen. This reaction is carried out in a converter in the presence of iron catalyst promoted with [...]