Two types of configurations of computer controlled machine tools are commonly found (i) where a dedicated small microcomputer is used for control of one machine tool (referred to as computer numerical control or (CNC), and (ii) where a large computer controls a number of separate NC machine tools, (referred to as direct numerical control or DNC). Type # 1. CNC [...]
Smart technology in machine tools will enable quality products through introduction of six sigma and zero defects technique. It requires lot of research in development of suitable sensors and appropriate software. Sensors are embedded in hard to reach places and provide real time information to enable control of speed, feed and depth for optimised conditions with a view of achiever [...]
The following points highlight the elements of a hydraulic system. The elements are: 1. Pumps 2. Hydraulic Valves 3. Hydraulic Circuits. Element # 1. Pumps: The pump develops the desired pressure. The pressure most commonly used in hydraulic machine tools varies from 5 to 80 kg/cm2. The pumps used may be: (i) Reciprocating pumps, (ii) Rotary pumps. In reciprocating pump [...]
In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Inroduction to Special Purpose Machine Tools 2. Index Mechanisms of Special Purpose Machine Tools 3. Types 4. Parts Handling Equipment 5. Control. Inroduction to Special Purpose Machine Tools: Special purpose machine tools are designed and manufactured for specific jobs and as such never produced in bulk. Such machines are finding increasing use [...]
In this article we will discuss about the definition and advantages of automation. Definition of Automation: Automation could be defined as the technology dealing with design of machine tools and systems utilising electronics and computer systems to produce the final product at minimum cost, involving minimum labour intervention, producing components of high accuracy and desired tolerances repeatedly without causing rejections. [...]
In this article we will discuss about the development of prgram controlled machine tools. All developments in Machine Tools have a single aim— increasing the profitability of machining operations. The demands on machine tool technology, to meet the ever- tightening accuracy and precision requirements of modern metal machining industry, have highlighted the utter incapability of conventional machine tools to perform [...]
In design of cutting dies, the cutting pressure coming on it is very important and its magnitude is of the offer of 1.5 L x t x fs . where L = periphery of work piece, t = thickness of work piece, fs = ultimate shear strength of work piece. In addition, total cutting force depends upon: (i) Sharpness of [...]
In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Meaning of Machine Tools 2. Classification of Machine Tools 3. Characteristics 4. Cutting Motion 5. Requirements 6. Process Capability 7. Maintenance. Meaning of Machine Tools: A machine tool is a power driven device in which energy is utilised in deformation of material for shaping, sizing or processing a product to a desired [...]
Machine tool structure are mostly designed from stiffness considerations and thus should possess high static and dynamic stiffness. As regards moving parts which travel along guide ways, the guiding and guided surfaces must have high wear resistance for high accuracy. Materials for Machine Tool Structures: Steel has higher strength under static and dynamic loading. Also the unit rigidity of steel [...]
Bed is the main element of a machine tool and acts as base for rest of the units. The main requirement of a lathe bed is to provide a guide for continued accurate longitudinal movement of the carriage and tailstock. It has one or more slide ways cast as an integral part. The above requirement can be met by following: [...]