After reading this article you will learn about the procedure for crashing the network. The time-cost relationships can be visualized graphically in the form of a time verses cost curve which is for a limited portion at least, sloping downward, as depicted in the following fig. Here it is assumed that for each activity, there is an activity duration for [...]
After reading this article you will learn about resource scheduling and its types. A resource is defined by the physical variable such as manpower (labour), finance equipment, size etc. The completion of any profit on the scheduled date depends on the availability of resources at due times at all stages of progress. When resources such as men, material, machine, money [...]
This article will help you to differentiate between PERT and CPM. Difference # PERT: 1. A probability model with uncertainty in activity duration. The duration of each activity is normally computed from multiple time estimates with a view to take into account time uncertainty. These estimates are ultimately used to arrive at the probability of achieving any given scheduled date [...]
List of top four problems on PERT. Example 1: A small project consisting of eight activities has the following characteristics: (i) Draw the PERT network for the project. (ii) Prepare the activity schedule for the project. (iii) Determine the critical path. (iv) If a 30- week deadline is imposed, what is the probability that the project will be finished within [...]
After reading this article you will learn about the calculation of slacks and floats with the help of examples. Float and slack both refer to the amount of time by which a particular activity or event can be delayed without affecting the time schedule of the network. The term float is used for activities while slack is used for events. [...]
The following points highlight the five main terms that are used in networking analysis. The terms are: 1. Entities 2. Primitives 3. Services 4. Protocols 5. Sockets used in connection with networking. 1. Entities: While designing networks (or even understanding them), it is worthwhile to break up the problem into simpler elements—a method often used by engineers to study a [...]
The seven layers identified by ISO in the OSI reference model from bottom to top are: 1. Physical Layer 2. Data Link Layer 3. Network Layer 4. Transport Layer 5. Session Layer 6. Presentation Layer 7. Application Layer. The physical layer is concerned with transmission of data through communication channels, these communication channels do not themselves form part of the [...]
This article throws light upon the following two standards that are mainly used in telephone systems. The standards are: 1. Narrowband ISDN 2. Broadband ISDN. 1. Narrowband ISDN: The present public circuit switched telephone system meant chiefly to cater to voice transmission, is largely analogue. However, in spite of these advantages the telephone systems throughout the world continue to be [...]
SMDS or Switched Multimegabit Data Service is another service being offered by telephone companies in many countries. This service, which had become popular in the USA in the 90s, was developed by Bellcore in 1980. Figure 6.6 indicates how normal leased line connections can be established between some LANs. Telephones: Other Issues: Other telephone services include items, such as Synchronous [...]
A summary of all the facilities provided by the telephone system is given below: 1. Dial-up telephone lines using the standard switching circuits. Over long distances the connections may use copper wires, Optical Fibre or microwave. Generally, the circuits are analogue although they are gradually being converted to digital circuits. In India, normally in dial-up lines the bandwidth available is [...]