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Essay on Power Management System (PMS)
Essay Contents:
- Essay on the Introduction to Power Management System
- Essay on the Tools & Equipment Used in Power Management
- Essay on the Functions of Power Management System
- Essay on the Applications of Power Management System
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Essay # 1. Introduction to Power Management System (PMS):
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Power Management System (PMS) is a family of unique solutions that ensure reliable and stable energy supply for energy-intensive industries. The PMS balances energy demands with the available energy supply, thus preventing disturbances or even blackouts in operations. Furthermore, it enables a company to control its energy costs, to enhance safety, and to mitigate environmental and health impacts.
The PMS offering utilizes an automation system for contingency based fast Load Shedding, Power Control and SCADA functionality for the electrical system.
Industrial Power Management System (PMS) ensures reliable and stable energy supply for energy-intensive industries operating in high-demanding, hazardous or extreme environments – such as the oil & gas, petro-chemical, metals, pulp & paper and other industries.
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The Industrial PMS balances energy requirements with the available energy supply, and thus prevents disturbances of operations, or even blackouts. Furthermore, the PMS enables a better control of energy costs, enhanced safety and the mitigation of environmental impacts.
PMS integrates all of these into one application portfolio, and thus encompasses ‘systems’ which may be referred to under different names within industry, such as:
i. Power Management System
ii. Power Distribution Control System
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iii. Load Management System
iv. Electrical Network Monitoring & Control System
v. Electrical Control System
vi. Electrical Integrated Control System
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vii. Integrated Protection and Control System etc.
Essay # 2. Tools & Equipment Used in Power Management:
Various tools and equipment used in power management in industries or any other utility setup consist of various measuring and monitoring electronic equipment along with necessary computer hardware and software.
These are listed as follows:
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(i) Power monitor/load manager.
(ii) Current transformers.
(iii) Power monitoring software.
(iv) Controller modules.
(v) Computer system hardware.
(i) Power Monitor/ Load Manager:
The Power monitor provides basic metering including frequency, voltage, current, and power. It also provides calculated information such as energy consumption, power factor, and total harmonic distortion. The unit also has on board logging capability that can store data, record the min and max of each parameter, and keep an event log.
Advanced power monitors contains all of above mentioned functionality in addition to power quality features such as, extensive waveform capture and storage and spectral analysis up to the 41st harmonic and higher and even adds more sophisticated power quality tools, greater speeds, accuracy and captures sub-cycle transients as well as harmonic analysis upto the 63rd harmonic.
(ii) Current Transformers:
Power measurement devices include protective relays, analog devices, transducers, and power monitors. The purpose of CTs is to scale high currents to more manageable levels, while preserving a reasonable level of accuracy. CTs typically scale the currents flowing through their primaries to 5 amps (full scale) on their secondaries. The majority of power measurement devices are designed to accept this current level.
(iii) Power Monitoring Software:
Power monitoring software complete energy management for all utilities on a wide area network and integrates power monitoring information into an existing human machine interface. Energy management software puts critical energy information at your desktop.
With the help of PMS, you can capture, analyse, store, and share energy data across your entire enterprise via a LAN or WAN using a simple web browser. This makes it a snap to distribute the knowledge you need to optimize energy consumption, which can help improve productivity while lowering energy costs.
Essay # 3. Functions of Power Management System:
The various functions of PMS are:
(i) Connectivity:
Remote connectivity from PC to metering points.
(ii) Configuration:
Flexible configuration allows you to:
i. Create a model of your facility for utility accounting
ii. Put meters in multiple groupings for cost allocation
iii. Set and change meter configuration values remotely
iv. Set multi-level password protection and privileges
(iii) Monitoring and Analysis:
i. Create energy budgets and forecasts
ii. Compare and contrast alternative utility rates; do ‘what-if’ for other rate structures
iii. Print and store all reports and charts
(iv) Additional feature in power management software may include:
i. Run pre-configured monthly or yearly, billing or electrical consumption reports for each individual.
ii. Display real-time trending for upto five parameters simultaneously.
iii. Display historical trending for data directly from the trend log of each meter.
iv. User defined limits for monitoring of electrical parameters (i.e. demand monitoring).
(iv) Control Modules:
The various control modules are also available in power management system which does the various control and monitoring functions related to dedicated equipment such as generator control, capacitor bank or any other utility system. For example generator control module combines excitation control, generator protection, synchronization control, and full-featured metering in a single compact unit.
Similarly capacitor control module is a pre-engineered control system containing a controller and an optional human-machine interface (HMI). Pre-engineered ladder logic code in the controller gathers real and reactive power data from multiple power feeds (utility feeds and/or generators).
The logic operates on the data in standard engineering units of kVAR and kW and minimizes imported and exported reactive power by switching of capacitance in steps. This strategy controls power factor while reducing the likelihood of voltage surge caused by excessive kVAR export.
(v) Computer System Hardware:
Hardware component in power management system includes basic computer system with window (2003 or advanced) based server, 1 GB RAM plus min. of Pentium III processor requirement or any other advance processor depending upon the requirement of the system to be managed.
Essay # 4. Applications of Power Management System:
Power Management Systems provide monitoring and control information for substation and distribution centres, electrical control panels, and many utility, commercial, and industrial applications including motor control centres.
Following are the power management application definitions:
(i) Demand management is a control system designed to minimize electrical demand penalties that can represent up to 30% of a typical industrial utility bill.
(ii) Activity-based cost accounting is a management system that allows a customer to allocate energy costs based on actual usage, which is based on sub-metering rather than other measurements such as square footage allocation.
(iii) Power control is a control system where electricity is the process output. There is usually on-site generation, emergency load shedding, or a system where a high-quality and stable electric power source is critical to the process.
(iv) Power quality is a management system that monitors power quality events or conditions that could cause a production shutdown like voltage sags, brownouts, transients, and high harmonic distortion.
(v) Load profiling is a management system where electrical loads are monitored or profiled. These load profiles let the user prepare for utility deregulation and make fact-based decisions on future demand-side management control systems.