The sanitary works can be broadly classified as: 1. Collection Works 2. Treatment Works 3. Disposal Work.
1. Collection Works:
The collection works are mainly meant for collecting all the types of waste products of the town. Refuse is collected separately and the sewage is collected separately. The collection works should be such that waste matters can be transported quickly and steadily to the treatment works. The system employed should be self-cleaning, hydraulically tight and economical so that even poor district authorities may afford it.
The collection works include the house drainage works and network of sewers laid in the town to collect the waste water from individual disease bacteria and foul gases to escape into the atmosphere inside the buildings and crowded localities. Disease bacteria and mosquitoes may breed at the catch basins and other sewer appurtenances, therefore they should be designed in such a way as to avoid these troubles.
2. Treatment Works:
Waste water treatment works are required to treat the sewage before disposal so that it may not pollute the atmosphere and the body of water in which it will be disposed of the types of treatment processes depend on the nature of the hygienic, aesthetic and the economical aspects.
ADVERTISEMENTS:
If the waste water is not treated it will do so many harms, few of which are:
(i) Pollution of water supplies for man, beast and industries
(ii) Destruction of food, fish and other valuable aquatic life
(iii) Contamination of bathing places, and ice supplies;
ADVERTISEMENTS:
(iv) Creation of unpleasing sights and atmospheric pollution of air,
(v) Contamination of water and making it unfit for any purpose such as commerce, recreation or other important works.
In hilly areas or some other places where conditions permit, the treatment works can be avoided and the water can be directly disposed of in natural water courses. While designing the treatment process, they should be designed in such a way that treated water becomes so pure that it can be used for general purposes although it may not be used.
3. Disposal Works:
The treated or untreated waste waters are disposed off in various ways by irrigating fields or discharging into natural water courses. The works which are done to dispose of the waste water are called disposal works.
ADVERTISEMENTS:
Table 1.1 illustrates the various types of waste products of a town or city and various methods commonly used in their collection and disposal. As a matter of fact this table illustrates the outlines of the sanitary engineering.
