Here is a term paper on ‘Artificial Intelligence’. Find paragraphs, long and short term papers on ‘Artificial Intelligence’ especially written for school and college students. Term Paper # 1. Origin of the Idea of Artificial Intelligence - Turing Test: The idea of Artificial Intelligence originated from the historic experiment, called Turing Test. This test provides a relatively objective and unambiguous [...]
Here is a compilation of essays on ‘Artificial Intelligence’ for class 11 and 12. Find paragraphs, long and short essays on ‘Artificial Intelligence’ especially written for school and college students. Essay # 1. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence: Artificial Intelligence (AI), a branch of computer science is concerned with the design of intelligence in an artificial device. The term was coined [...]
In this article we will discuss about:- 1. And-OR Graph during Search Methods 2. Difference Between OR and AND-OR Graph during Search Methods 3. Limitations of AND-OR Graph. And-OR Graph during Search Methods: AND OR graph (to tree) is useful for representing the solutions of problems which can be solved by decomposing them into a set of smaller problems, all [...]
In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Search Methods for the Problem of Combinational Explosion 2. Uninformed Search Methods for the Problem of Combinational Explosion 3. Branch and Bound 4. Beam Search Methods 5. Informed Search or Heuristic Search Methods 6. Simulated Annealing Search 7. Comparison. Search Methods Search Methods for the Problem of Combinational Explosion: Heuristics always help [...]
The following points highlight the three main types of search methods used in artificial intelligence. The types of are: 1. Incremental Heuristic Search 2. Constraint Satisfaction 3. Means-End-Analysis. Type # 1. Incremental Heuristic Search: Incremental search has been studied at least since the late 1960s. Incremental search algorithms reuse information from previous searches to speed up the current search and [...]
In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Algorithm for Hill Climbing 2. Difficulties of Hill Climbing 3. Determination of an Heuristic Function 4. Best-First Search 5. Best-First Algorithm for Best-First Search 6. Finding the Best Solution - A* Search. Algorithm for Hill Climbing: Begin: 1. Identify possible starting states and measure the distance (f) of their closeness with the [...]
Here is a term paper on ‘Game Playing’. Find paragraphs, long and short papers on ‘Game Playing’ especially written for school and college students. Term Paper # 1. Introduction to Game Playing: The Federation of American Scientists have suggested that games teach skills which employers want analytical thinking, team building, multitasking and problem solving under duress. Unlike the humans, the [...]
The following article will guide you about how does natural language understanding system works? There are three primary stages in natural language processing: 1. Syntactic analysis, 2. Semantic analysis and 3. Pragmatic analysis. Sentences can be well formed or ill formed syntactically, semantically and pragmatically. Take the following four response to the question: "Do you know where the college is"? [...]
The primary problem with natural language processing is the ambiguity of language. There are a number of levels at which ambiguity may occur in natural language (of course a single sentence may include several of these levels). First a sentence or phrase may be ambiguous at a syntactic level. Syntax relates to the structure of the language, the way the [...]
In this article we will discuss about the pattern matching problems in natural language processing systems. The inherent problems in pattern matching become more clear when we discuss the following programs: Sir: The basic algorithm used in Bertram Raphael's Ph.D. thesis work, SIR (Semantic Information Retrieval) is a pattern matching scheme similar to that used in ELIZA, but SIR differs [...]