An orifice may be defined as an opening provided in the side or bottom of a tank, for the purpose of discharging the liquid contained in the tank. It should be noted that the opening will be considered as an orifice only when the liquid surface in the tank is above the upper edge of the opening. Orifices may be [...]
The following points highlight the five main types of devices for measuring of flow in pipes. The devices are: 1. The Venturimeter 2. The Pitot Tube 3. Orifice Plate or Orifice Meter 4. The Flow Nozzle 5. Free Jets. Flow Measuring Devices: Types of Flow Meters and their Applications Flow Measuring Device # 1. The Venturimeter: A Venturimeter is a [...]
A mouth piece is a short pipe fitted externally or internally to an orifice. The length of the mouth piece is 2 to 3 times the diameter of the orifice to which it is fitted. Mouth pieces may be classified based on their position, their shape and the manner in which the mouth piece discharges. Mouth pieces may be external [...]
Notes on Flow through Open Channel: Formula, Alternative Methods and Examples! Introduction to Open Channel: An open channel means a passage through which water flows with its surface freely exposed to the atmosphere. The water at its surface is at atmospheric pressure throughout. The channel may be open or may be provided with a cover or top. In case the [...]
Boundary Layer Fluid Flow: Notes, Layer Thickness, Equations and Solved Problems and examples. Introduction to Boundary Layer: In an ideal fluid shear stresses are totally absent. So when an ideal fluid should flow over a boundary there are no resistances between the boundary and the fluid and the fluid simply slips smoothly over the boundary surface. But, when a real [...]
When a body is placed in a moving fluid, a force is exerted on the body by the moving fluid. Similarly when a body moves within a fluid at rest then also a force is exerted on the body by the fluid. Motion of submarines, torpedos and aeroplanes are examples of this kind. Consider a body placed in a fluid [...]
Impact of Jet on a Plate or Vane: Notes and Viva Questions. Introduction to Jet: A jet of water issuing from a nozzle has a velocity and hence it possesses a kinetic energy. If this jet strikes a plate then it is said to have an impact on the plate. The jet will exert a force on the plate which [...]