The following methods evolved after field experience and observations are generally used in soil and water conservation for estimating the rate or the maximum rate of runoff that could occur from a particular catchment: 1. Rational Method: In this method, the peak rate of runoff is given by the equation- Runoff coefficient C is defined as the ratio of the [...]
The following article will guide you about how to estimate the quantity of sewage. Estimation of Dry Weather Flow: The dry weather flow (D.W.F) includes: (i) Domestic or sanitary sewage which is the sewage or wastewater derived from residential buildings and from commercial, institutional and similar public buildings such as offices, schools, cinemas, hotels, stations, etc.; (ii) Industrial sewage which [...]
The rate of domestic or sanitary sewage produced is generally expressed in litres per capita per day (lpcd). The rate of domestic or sanitary sewage produced may be assumed to be equal to about 70 to 80% of the rate of water supply. Thus knowing the per capita rate of domestic or sanitary sewage produced and multiplying it by the [...]
In this article we will discuss about how to estimate bed load. Methods for Estimation of Bed Load: The following methods are generally used for estimation of bed load. 1. Analytical Method: For computation of bed-load movement using analytical method includes several relationships; they may be the empirical or analytical. In general, the theoretical relationship are based on the following [...]