In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Introduction to Flexible AC Transmission Systems 2. Concept and Objective of FACTS 3. General Symbols 4. Types of FACTS Controllers 5. Types of FACTS Compensators 6. Structure and Characteristics. Contents: Introduction to Flexible AC Transmission Systems Concept and Objective of FACTS General Symbols for FACTS Controllers Types of FACTS Controllers Types of [...]
In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Functional Control Mode of UPFC 2. Operating Modes of UPFC 3. Control System. Functional Control Mode of UPFC: i. Shunt Controller: a. Reactive (VAR) control side b. Automatic voltage control mode ii. Series Convector: a. Direct voltage injection mode b. Line impedance compensation mode c. Bus voltage regulation and control mode d. [...]
In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Meaning of DVR 2. Basic Configuration of DVR 3. DVR Characteristics 4. Equations 5. Operating Mode 6. Voltage Injection Methods. Contents: Meaning of DVR Basic Configuration of DVR DVR Characteristics Equations Related to DVR Operating Mode of DVR Voltage Injection Methods of DVR 1. Meaning of DVR: Among the power quality problems [...]
In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Introduction to Flexible AC Transmission Systems 2. Concept and Objective of FACTS 3. General Symbols 4. Types of FACTS Controllers 5. Types of FACTS Compensators 6. Structure and Characteristics. Contents: Introduction to Flexible AC Transmission Systems Concept and Objective of FACTS General Symbols for FACTS Controllers Types of FACTS Controllers Types of [...]
In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Introduction to Distributed Generation 2. Perspectives on Interconnection of Distributed Generation 3. Advantages 4. Disadvantages. Introduction to Distributed Generation: The distributed generation uses smaller-sized generators than does the typical central station plant. They are distributed throughout the power system closer to the loads. The normal distribution system delivers electric energy through wires [...]
Before discussing the method of determination of the most economical working voltage for transmission of electrical power we will discuss here the advantages and limitations of high voltage transmission. The advantages of adopting high voltage for transmission are given below: (i) With the increase in transmission voltage the size of the conductor (area of x-section of the core carrying the [...]
Modern trend is to use extra high voltage (EHV) and ultra-high voltage (UHV) for transmission of huge blocks of power over long distances. The reasons for adopting of EHV/UHV range for transmission purposes are given below: 1. Reduction of Electrical Losses, Increase in Transmission Efficiency, Improvement of Voltage Regulation and Reduction in Conductor Material Requirement: For transmission of given amount [...]
The major problems associated with EHV transmission are discussed below: Problem # 1. Corona Loss and Radio Interference: The corona is not only a source of power loss but it is also a source of interference with radio and television. The corona loss depends on various factors such as system frequency, system voltage, air conductivity, air density, conductor radius, conductor [...]
There are certain limitations in the transmission of power by EHV ac system. These limitations and design aspects are discussed below: 1. Stability Considerations: Power transferred is expressed as: if resistance and shunt leakance of the transmission line are neglected. For equal terminal voltages (i.e. VS = VR = V) Maximum steady state transfer of power takes place theoretically for [...]
In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Introduction to HVDC Transmission 2. Principle of HVDC Transmission 3. Power Control 4. Ground Return 5. Earth Electrode and Station Earth 6. Transient Overvoltages and Insulation Coordination 7. Corona 8. Circuit Breaking 9. Comparison with EHV-AC Transmission 10. Limitations. Contents: Introduction to HVDC Transmission Principle of HVDC Transmission Power Control in HVDC [...]