The analysis of water involves the various tests to be carried out for determining the impurities which may be present in water. The following three types of analyses are carried out for water: (1) Physical Analysis: The physical analysis of water involves the physical tests which are carried out to determine the physical impurities and the corresponding physical characteristics of [...]
The commonly used turbidimeters are as indicated below: 1. Jackson Turbidimeter (or Jackson Candle Turbidimeter): It consists of a graduated glass rube placed in a metal cylindrical container which is supported on a metal stand. At the bottom of the stand a standard candle of bees wax is fixed. The candle is so designed that it burns within the limits [...]
For detecting the presence of bacteria of coliform group and measuring their concentration in water the following methods are adopted: I. Total Count or Agar Plate Count Test: In this lest, bacteria are cultivated on specially prepared medium of agar for different dilutions of sample of water with sterilised/distilled water. The dilutions commonly used are 1/10, 1/100 etc. The diluted [...]
Generally at site concrete is produced in batches with the locally available materials of variable characteristics. Thus concrete of one batch is likely to be different from the other. The magnitude of this variation depends upon many factors as follows: (a) Variation in the quality of the constituent materials. (b) Variation in the mix proportions due to batching. (c) The [...]