Removal of Permanent Hardness from Water | Water Engineering

Permanent hardness of water can be removed by the following methods: Method # 1. Lime-Soda Process: In this method lime [Ca(OH)2] and sodium carbonate [Na2CO3] (or soda ash) are used to remove permanent hardness from water. The chemical reactions involved in this process are as follows: The compounds calcium carbonate CaCO3 and magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2 are insoluble in water and [...]