Read this article to learn about: 1. Objectives of highway planning 2. Necessity of highway planning in India 3. Principle of Highway Planning 4. Highway Planning Process 5. Importance of Highway Planning. Introduction to Highway Planning: Planning is a prerequisite for any engineering activity or project; this is particularly true for the development of a highway network or system in [...]
Materials Used for the Construction of Roads: Methods, Process, Layers and Road Pavement! A wide variety of materials are used in the construction of roads these are soils (naturally occurring or processed), aggregates (fine aggregates or coarse aggregates obtained from rocks), binders like lime, bituminous materials, and cement, and miscellaneous materials used as admixtures for improved performance of roads under [...]
In this article we will discuss about how to design bituminous mixes for construction of roads [with mix formula]| . Design of Bituminous Mixes: The steps in the design of bituminous mixes are: Selection of Aggregate and Grading: Aggregates which possess the desired qualities of strength, hardness, toughness, and soundness are selected. Crushed stone aggregates and sands of angular particles [...]
The following tests are conducted to assess the suitability or quality of bitumen for specific use as a paving material and also for read making: 1. Specific Gravity: Specific gravity of a binder material does not affect its bonding characteristics. However, its value is needed in bituminous mix design. This is determined at 27°C using a standard pyknometer. The bitumen [...]
The following tests are conducted on tar to check or assess its suitability or quality for specific uses in road construction: 1. Specific Gravity: For determining the specific gravity of tar, the same procedure as for bitumen using a pyknometer is applicable. 2. Distillates: A distillation flask of about one litre capacity is filled with a weighed quantity of tar [...]
Highway Pavement: Layers, Functions, Types, Defects, Rigid and Flexible Pavements! Pavement design, in general, consists of determining the thickness of the pavement or of the several layers of which it is composed in order to resist the wheel loads of the traffic and transmit them safely on to the foundation soil. Thus, the strength of the pavement must be adequate [...]
The design of rigid pavements involves the design of the thickness of the cement concrete slab comprising the rigid pavement, since the pavement derives its structural strength primarily through the flexural strength of the slab. Except for low traffic volumes and street roads, reinforced cement concrete (RCC) slabs are used as rigid pavements. In addition to the design of thickness, [...]
Design of pavements has been based on experience and judgment in the past. But the design methodology has taken rapid strides towards rationality in the past few decades based on an understanding of the stresses and strains in the layers constituting the pavement and application of the concept of reliability in achieving the desired level of service during the pavement's [...]
In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Traffic Volume Studies 2. Traffic Flow Characteristics 3. Traffic Forecasting. Traffic Volume Studies: Systematic traffic surveys, traffic studies, and their scientific analysis are essential in traffic engineering and find wide application in planning for future needs of roads, improvement of existing facilities, geometric design aspects, pavement design, and traffic regulation and control. [...]
In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Definition of Highway Capacity 2. Importance of the Concept of Highway Capacity 3. Factors Affecting Capacity and Level of Service 4. Traffic Capacity Formula. Definition of Highway Capacity: Highway capacity is associated with traffic volume and traffic density. Traffic volume is the number of vehicles passing a given point on a roadway [...]