Following tests are carried out in the chemical examination of water: 1. Presence of Solids 2. Biochemical Oxygen Demand 3. Chemical Oxygen Demand 4. Stability and Relative Stability 5. Chlorides and Sulphides 6. Chlorine Demand 7. Nitrogen 8. Determining pH-Value 9. Grease, Oil and Fats. Test # 1. Presence of Solids: It is most essential to know the quantity of [...]
Here is a compilation of essays on ‘Water Supplies in Rural Areas’ for class 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12. Find paragraphs, long and short essays on ‘Water Supplies in Rural Areas’ especially written for school and college students. Essay on Water Supply in Rural Areas Essay Contents: Essay on the Introduction to Water Supplies in Rural Areas Essay on [...]
Here is a compilation of essays on ‘Distribution System of Water’ for class 9, 10, 11 and 12. Find paragraphs, long and short essays on ‘Distribution System of Water’ especially written for school and college students. Essay on Distribution System of Water Essay Contents: Essay on the Meaning of Distribution System Essay on the Classification of Distribution System Essay on [...]
Essay on Sources of Surface Water! Source # 1. Streams: In mountainous regions streams are formed by the run off. The discharge in streams is much in rainy season than other seasons. Those streams which dry up in summer and contain water only during rainfall are known as 'Raining Streams'. The quality of water in streams is normally good except [...]
The velocity of underground water can be determined by the following formulae: (A) Slichter's Formula: where v = velocity of ground water flow in m/day k' = a constant, whose value is approx. 400 S = slope of the hydraulic gradient line D10= effective size of the particles in the aquifer µ = dynamic viscosity of water depending on the [...]
In this article we will discuss about the artesian wells and calculation of its yield. Artesian Wells: This is the name derived for the well from which water flows automatically under pressure. The water from these wells flows out in form of foundation to a height of 2.5 metres depending on the hydrostatic pressure. In some artesian-wells water flows continuously [...]
The choice of source of water supply to a town or city depends on the following factors: 1. Location 2. Quantity of Water 3. Quality of Water 4. Cost. Factor # 1. Location: The source of water should be as near to the town as possible. If there are both surface and ground sources available to the town the selection [...]
In this article we will discuss about the construction of infiltration well with the help of a suitable diagram. Infiltration wells are shallow wells constructed under the beds or rivers and nallas. These wells are very suitable for Indian conditions where there are deposits of sand and porous material at least 3 m deep in river beds. In the sandy [...]
In this article we will discuss about the formation of cavity in wells with the help of a suitable diagram. When the water is not withdrawn from the well, the water level inside the well is equal to the static water table outside the well. But when the water is being drawn from the well at some constant rate, the [...]
In this article we will discuss about the suitability of surface water with regard to quantity and quality. Rainfall directly affects the quantity of surface water. As the rainfall is not uniform throughout the year, the quantity of surface water also has large variations. The discharge in rivers and streams remains maximum in rainy season and minimum in summer. If [...]